Ukuze kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lokutya, inqanaba ngalinye lemveliso yokutya (ukususela ekuthengeni, ekufumaneni, ekuthuthweni, ekugcinweni, ekulungisweni, ekuphathweni, ekuphekeni nasekuphakweni) kufuneka liqhutywe kwaye libekwe iliso elibukhali.

Inkqubo ye-HACCP yindlela yenzululwazi necwangcisiweyo yokuchonga, yokuvavanya nokulawula iingozi kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ukutya.Ngenkqubo ye-HACCP, ulawulo lokhuseleko lokutya ludityaniswe kuyilo lwenkqubo kunokuba luxhomekeke kuvavanyo lwemveliso yokugqibela.Ke ngoko inkqubo ye-HACCP ibonelela ngendlela yothintelo neyonga imali kukhuseleko lokutya.

Imigaqo esixhenxe yeNkqubo ye-HACCP yile-

1. Yenza uhlalutyo lweengozi kwaye uchonge amanyathelo okulawula
2. Misela iindawo zolawulo ezibalulekileyo (CCPs)
3. Ukuseka imida ebalulekileyo eqinisekisiweyo kwi-CCP nganye
4. Ukuseka inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-CCP nganye
5. Ukuseka amanyathelo okulungisa
6. Qinisekisa isicwangciso se-HACCP kunye nokuseka iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa
7. Ukuseka amaxwebhu kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi

UmGaqo woku-1 Yenza uhlalutyo lweengozi ngokuChonga iingozi ezinokubakho kunye nemilinganiselo yokulawula

Ingozi yokhuseleko lokutya yiyo nayiphi na i-agent yebhayoloji, yekhemikhali okanye ebonakalayo ekutyeni enokuthi ibangele iziphumo ezibi empilweni.Siqokelela kwaye sivavanye ulwazi malunga neengozi ezichongiweyo kwizinto eziluhlaza kunye nezinye izithako, okusingqongileyo, kwinkqubo okanye ekutyeni, kunye neemeko ezikhokelela kubukho bazo ukugqiba ukuba ngaba ezi yingozi enkulu kwaye siqwalasele nawaphi na amanyathelo okulawula iingozi ezichongiweyo.

Umgaqo wesi-2 Ukumisela iindawo zolawulo ezibalulekileyo (CCPs)

Inqaku elibalulekileyo lokulawula linyathelo apho ulawulo lunokusetyenziswa kwaye luyimfuneko ukuthintela okanye ukuphelisa ingozi yokhuseleko lokutya okanye ukunciphisa kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo .

Ayizizo zonke iindawo ezichongiweyo ngeengozi kunye namanyathelo okuthintela aya kuba yindawo yokulawula ebalulekileyo.Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesigqibo esinengqiqo isetyenziswa ukugqiba ukuba ngaba inkqubo leyo yindawo yolawulo ebalulekileyo.Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwesigqibo esinengqiqo yokumisela iindawo zolawulo ezibalulekileyo inokubandakanya izinto ezifana nezi:

• ingaba ulawulo kweli nyathelo lithile luyimfuneko kukhuseleko;
• ingaba ulawulo kweli nyathelo luphelisa okanye luyanciphisa ukwenzeka kwengozi ukuya kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo;
• ingaba ungcoliseko ngengozi echongiweyo lunokwenzeka na ngaphezu kwamanqanaba amkelekileyo;
• ingaba amanyathelo alandelayo aya kuphelisa okanye anciphise ngokwamkelekileyo ingozi

Umgaqo wesi-3 Misela imida eqinisekisiweyo ebalulekileyo kwi-CCP nganye

I-Critical Limit yikhrayitheriya, ebonakalayo okanye enokulinganiswa, eyahlula ukwamkeleka kokungamkeleki kokutya ngokumalunga nomlinganiselo wolawulo kwindawo yokulawula ebalulekileyo.Imida engundoqo yamanyathelo olawulo kwii-CCP kufuneka icaciswe kwaye iqinisekiswe ngokwesayensi ukubonisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukulawula iingozi ukuya kwinqanaba elamkelekileyo ukuba ziphunyezwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Imida ebalulekileyo eqinisekisiweyo inokusekelwe kuncwadi olukhoyo, imimiselo okanye isikhokelo esivela kwabasemagunyeni abanobuchule, okanye izifundo eziqhutywe ngabaqhubi boshishino lokutya okanye amaqela angaphandle.

Iikhrayitheriya ezisoloko zisetyenziswa zibandakanya imilinganiselo yexesha, ubushushu, ukufuma, umsebenzi wamanzi kunye nexabiso le-pH kunye neeparitha zoluvo ezifana nenkangeleko ebonakalayo kunye nokuthungwa.Kwezinye iimeko, ngaphezu kwesinye umda obalulekileyo uyafuneka ukulawula ingozi ethile.

Umgaqo 4 Ukuseka inkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-CCP nganye

Ukubeka iliso kulandelelwano olucwangcisiweyo lokuqwalaselwa okanye imilinganiselo yokuvavanya ukuba indawo yokulawula ebalulekileyo iphantsi kolawulo kunye nokuvelisa irekhodi echanekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwixesha elizayo ekuqinisekiseni.Ukubeka iliso kubaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-HACCP.Ukubeka iliso kunokulumkisa isityalo ukuba kukho umkhwa oya ekulahlekeni kolawulo ukuze sithathe inyathelo lokubuyisela inkqubo kulawulo phambi kokuba kugqithwe umda.

Umqeshwa onoxanduva lwenkqubo yokubeka esweni kufuneka achongwe ngokucacileyo kwaye aqeqeshwe ngokwaneleyo ukuze enze amanyathelo okulungisa.

Umgaqo 5 Ukuseka amanyathelo okulungisa

Inyathelo lolungiso linyathelo elithile elithathiweyo xa iziphumo zokubeka iliso kwindawo yolawulo ebalulekileyo zibonakalisa ukuba umda awufikelelwanga okt ukulahleka kolawulo.

Kuba i-HACCP iyinkqubo yothintelo yokulungisa iingxaki phambi kokuba zichaphazele ukhuseleko lokutya, ulawulo lwezityalo kufuneka lucwangcise kwangethuba ukulungisa ukutenxa okunokwenzeka kwimida ebalulekileyo esekiweyo.Nanini na xa kugqithiswa umda wendawo yolawulo ebalulekileyo, isityalo kuya kufuneka sithathe amanyathelo okulungisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ulawulo lweplanti kufuneka lumisele inyathelo lolungiso kwangaphambili kwaye kufuneka luqinisekise ukuba izenzo ziyakwazi ukubeka phantsi kolawulo lweCCP.Amanyathelo athathiweyo kufuneka abandakanye ukuchithwa okufanelekileyo kweemveliso ezichaphazelekayo.

Umgaqo 6 Qinisekisa isicwangciso se-HACCP nokuseka iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa

Isicwangciso se-HACCP kufuneka siqinisekiswe phambi kokuba siphunyezwe.Uphononongo kufuneka luthatyathwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iinkalo zesicwangciso se-HACCP ziyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lweengozi ezibalulekileyo ezifanelekileyo kwishishini lokutya.

Ukuqinisekiswa kunokubandakanya ukuphononongwa kweencwadi zenzululwazi, ukusebenzisa imodeli yezibalo, ukuqhuba izifundo zokuqinisekisa okanye ukusebenzisa isikhokelo esiphuhliswe yimithombo enegunya.

Emva kokuba inkqubo ye-HACCP iphunyeziwe, iinkqubo kufuneka zisekwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba isicwangciso se-HACCP siyalandelwa kwaye indawo enobungozi ilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.Naluphi na utshintsho olunokuba nefuthe kukhuseleko lokutya lufuna ukuphononongwa kwenkqubo ye-HACCP kwaye xa kuyimfuneko kuhlaziywe isicwangciso se-HACCP.

Imisebenzi yokuqinisekisa ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweendlela, iinkqubo, iimvavanyo kunye nolunye uvavanyo, ukongeza ekubekeni iliso, ukumisela ukuthotyelwa kwesicwangciso se-HACCP ngamaxesha athile kwaye xa utshintsho lwenzeka.

Eminye imizekelo yoqinisekiso lulungelelwaniso lwezixhobo zokubeka iliso kwinkqubo ngamaxesha athile athile, uqwalaselo oluthe ngqo lwemisebenzi yokubeka iliso, kunye namanyathelo okulungisa.Ngaphandle koko, iisampulu zemveliso, ukujongwa kwakhona kweerekhodi kunye nokuhlolwa kunokuqinisekisa inkqubo ye-HACCP.

Ulawulo lweplanti kufuneka lujonge ukuba abasebenzi bagcina iirekhodi ze-HACCP ezichanekileyo na kwangexesha.

Umgaqo 7 Ukuseka amaxwebhu kunye nokugcinwa kweerekhodi

Ukugcina iirekhodi ezifanelekileyo ze-HACCP yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-HACCP.Iinkqubo ze-HACCP ezinjengohlalutyo lwengozi, ukuzimisela kweCCP kunye nokumisela umda obalulekileyo kufuneka kubhalwe phantsi.Kwangaxeshanye, irekhodi yemisebenzi yokubeka iliso ye-CCP, ukutenxa kunye nezenzo zolungiso ezinxulumeneyo, ukuguqulwa kwe-HACCP kufuneka kugcinwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuseka iinkqubo zokugcina ingxelo, ulawulo lweplanti lunokuthi:

• sebenzisa iiifomnjengoko kuchaziwe kwiSihlomelo sesi-4 ukuya kwese-18 “seNdlela yokuPhunyezwa kweSicwangciso soKhuseleko loKutya”;
• chonga abasebenzi abanoxanduva lokufaka idatha yokubeka esweni kwiirekhodi nokuqinisekisa ukuba bayayiqonda indima noxanduva lwabo.

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